Transitive verbs have both active and passive forms:
v ACTIVE VOICE
Active voice describes
a sentence where the subject performs the action stated by the verb.
Active Form
In
active sentences, the thing doing the action is the subject of the sentence and
the thing receiving the action is the object. Most sentences are active.
[Thing doing action] + [verb] + [thing receiving action]
v PASSIVE
VOICE
Passive
voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not
known, however, who or what is performing the action.
PASSIVE FORM
In passive sentences, the thing receiving the
action is the subject of the sentence and the thing doing the action is
optionally included near the end of the sentence. You can use the passive form
if you think that the thing receiving the action is more important or should be
emphasized. You can also use the passive form if you do not know who is doing
the action or if you do not want to mention who is doing the action.
[Thing
receiving action] + [be] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing doing
action]
When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the
following:
- the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence
- the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)
- the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)
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Active
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Passive
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The hunter killed the lion.
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>>
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The lion was killed by the hunter.
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Someone has cleaned the windows
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>>
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The windows have been cleaned
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The passive forms are made up of the verb be with a past participle:
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be
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past
participle
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English
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is
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Spoken
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all over the world
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The windows
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have been
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cleaned
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Lunch
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was being
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Served
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The work
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will be
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finished
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Soon
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They
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might have been
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Invited
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to the party
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We sometimes use the verb get to form the passive:
Be careful with the glass. It might get
broken.
Peter got hurt in a crash.
Peter got hurt in a crash.
If we want to show the person or
thing doing the action we use by:
She was attacked by a
dangerous dog.
The money was stolen by her husband.
The money was stolen by her husband.
We can use the indirect object as
the subject of a passive verb:
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active
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Passive
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I gave him a book for his birthday
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>>
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He was given a book for his
birthday.
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Someone sent her a cheque for a
thousand euros
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>>
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She was sent a cheque for a
thousand euros.
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We can use phrasal verbs in the passive:
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active
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Passive
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They called off the
meeting.
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>>
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The meeting was called off.
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His grandmother looked after
him.
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>>
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He was looked after by his
grandmother.
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They will send him away to
school.
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>>
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He will be sent away to
school.
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Some verbs very frequently used
in the passive are followed by the to-infinitive:
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be supposed to
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be expected to
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be asked to
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be scheduled to
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be allowed to
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be told to
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John has been asked to make a
speech at the meeting.
You are supposed to wear a uniform.
The meeting is scheduled to start at seven.
You are supposed to wear a uniform.
The meeting is scheduled to start at seven.
Active
/ Passive Overview
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Active
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Passive
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Simple Present
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Once a week, Tom cleans the
house.
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Once a week, the house is
cleaned by Tom.
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Present Continuous
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Right now, Sarah is writing
the letter.
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Right now, the letter is being
written by Sarah.
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Simple Past
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Sam repaired the car.
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The car was repaired by
Sam.
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Past Continuous
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The salesman was helping
the customer when the thief came into the store.
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The customer was being helped
by the salesman when the thief came into the store.
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Present Perfect
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Many tourists have visited
that castle.
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That castle has been visited
by many tourists.
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Present Perfect Continuous
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Recently, John has been doing
the work.
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Recently, the work has been
being done by John.
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Past Perfect
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George had repaired many
cars before he received his mechanic's license.
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Many cars had been repaired
by George before he received his mechanic's license.
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Past Perfect Continuous
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Chef Jones had been preparing
the restaurant's fantastic dinners for two years before he moved to Paris.
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The restaurant's fantastic dinners
had been being prepared by Chef Jones for two years before he moved to
Paris.
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Simple Future
will |
Someone will finish the
work by 5:00 PM.
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The work will be finished
by 5:00 PM.
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Simple Future
be going to |
Sally is going to make a
beautiful dinner tonight.
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A beautiful dinner is going to
be made by Sally tonight.
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Future Continuous
will |
At 8:00 PM tonight, John will
be washing the dishes.
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At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes will
be being washed by John.
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Future Continuous
be going to |
At 8:00 PM tonight, John is
going to be washing the dishes.
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At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes are
going to be being washed by John.
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Future Perfect
will |
They will have completed
the project before the deadline.
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The project will have been
completed before the deadline.
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Future Perfect
be going to |
They are going to have
completed the project before the deadline.
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The project is going to have
been completed before the deadline.
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Future Perfect Continuous
will |
The famous artist will have
been painting the mural for over six months by the time it is finished.
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The mural will have been being
painted by the famous artist for over six months by the time it is
finished.
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Future Perfect Continuous
be going to |
The famous artist is going to
have been painting the mural for over six months by the time it is
finished.
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The mural is going to have been
being painted by the famous artist for over six months by the time it is
finished.
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Used to
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Jerry used to pay the
bills.
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The bills used to be paid
by Jerry.
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Would Always
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My mother would always make the
pies.
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The pies would always be made by
my mother.
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Future in the Past
Would |
I knew John would finish
the work by 5:00 PM.
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I knew the work would be
finished by 5:00 PM.
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Future in the Past
Was Going to |
I thought Sally was going to
make a beautiful dinner tonight.
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I thought a beautiful dinner was
going to be made by Sally tonight.
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Here, the writer will analyze active
and passive voice from the article which entitled “A Unique Kissing Ritual in
Bali called Omed-Omedan”. This article was retrieved from http://anonym26.wordpress.com/2010/03/19/omed-omedan-the-kissing-ritual-in-bali/
A
Unique Kissing Ritual in Bali called Omed-Omedan
A day after Nyepi Day,
the Balinese Hindu hold a kissing ceremony called Omed-omedan. The
tradition held by the people of Banjar Kaja, in Denpasar. Participants for this
unique tourism attraction are men and girls who have certain condition. Kissing
hysteria in “Omed-Omedan” tradition at Banjar Kaja, is welcomed
enthusiastically by thousand of local people as well as domestic and foreign
tourists.
Omed-omedan is firstly intended as a media for the villagers to
know and meet each other. In this tradition no one should have hate, they
should respect and caring for others. Omed-omedan come from ‘omed’ meant pull.
Many people outside Banjar Kaja often call omed-omedan with med-medan.
“Actually, this tradition was held on Nyepi day,” said I Wayan Sunarya, Kelian
Adat (Head of Banjar) Banjar Kaja. In the bygone days, Raja Puri Oka, authority
of Sesetan village, was sick. He was still sick until Nyepi but the teenagers
of Banjar Kaja were bored staying in home during the silence day. So, they went
out gathered together. They played and chatted noisily that Raja Puri Oka was
disturbed. Raja Puri Oka felt angry and commanded them to get in their house.
But a miracle happened. Raja Puri Oka got well and became really healthy. Since
that day, Raja Puri Oka told Banjar Kaja’s teenagers to do ‘omed-omedan’ in
Nyepi Day.
If you see The omed – omedan ritual from the very beginning then you will
see an old men from Banjar Kaja sprinkle the road. A moment later, while the
members of sekaa teruna teruni Satya Dharma Kerti (youth organization; in
Banjar Kaja, its youth organization is named Satya Dharma Kerti) was praying, a
Barong dance was held. After the praying and dancing session was over, the core
of this ritual came.
The teenagers came out to the road. The boys were in left and the girls were
in right. They were wetted by the adult ones. Balinese gambelan (traditional
instrument) were played. The boys chose one of their members, so did the girls.
Those chosen people were pushed by the others. “Omed-omedan” was started. They
pushed his and her waist. Gambelan player played another tune, more and more
beat. They pushed their own member until the chosen ones met in the middle of
the road, and both of the chosen embraced and kissed each other.
However, the girls were so shy to do this ritual in public that the girls
sometimes avoid the embraces and kisses. It was a totally different story for
the boys. They were excited to embrace and kiss the girls. Moreover, there was
a boy took a minute longer to do that. For that reason the old men sprinkled
them with so water. Then the chosen were pulled back to their position by the
others. Those push and pull were done for several times with different chosen
people. Chosen people attracted more audiences to scream and push the others
because they want to see from closer distance the audiences which passed the
border were also sprinkled.
This tradition attracted teen audiences to join it. A girl from audiences
came in to the girls’ position, wanted to join omed-omedan. Unluckily, she was
rejecteded. Indeed, the outsiders were not allowed to join. “ Omed-omedan only
for our teenagers,” said Kelian Adat (Leader of Banjar) Banjar Kaja, I Wayan
Sunarya firmly. Well, what is the reason to do this tradition every year? And
is it possible because of omed-omedan, a boy and a girl falling in love then
get married? Find the answers out on the next posting.
On that day, many parents hope their teenagers will
get a mate trough this omed-omedan. Suprisingly, in this Banjar, there are some
couples which started their relationships from omed-omedan. “So I prove it,”
said Sunarya. He did not feel anything to Ni Putu Yarniathi before omed-omedan.
They were a friend. “But I don’t know after omed-omedan ‘that’ feeling came,”
he recalled. They got marriage and this year their marriage reach 30 years. “I
am very happy, now I have three children and many grandsons,” he said. Whoo… so
romantic isn’t it?. Unfortunately, for those who are not the member of Banjar
Kaja are not allowed joining this tradition, except as audiences.
This tradition that is interesting attraction for tourism in Bali may only
be followed by teruna and teruni (man and girl) which is
still single and about 15 years old. This tradition is not a sacred tradition
like most of the other rituals in Bali. However this tradition is so intersting
and so entertaining.
From article above, the writer found
some example of Active and Passive voice.
v Active Voice
1. They
pushed their own member until the chosen ones met in the
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Subject
doing action
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verb
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Object receiving action
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middle of the road, and both of the chosen
embraced and kissed each other.
2. They
pushed his and her waist.
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Subject doing action
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verb
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Object receiving action
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3. Gambelan
player played another tune, more and more
beat.
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Subject doing action
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verb
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Object receiving action
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v Passive Voice
1.
The tradition held by the people of Banjar Kaja, in
Denpasar.
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Subject receiving action
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Passive verb
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doing action
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2.
Kissing hysteria
in “Omed-Omedan” tradition at Banjar Kaja,
Subject receiving action
is welcomed enthusiastically by thousand of local people as
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Passive verb
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doing action
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well as domestic and foreign tourists.
3.
They were wetted by the adult ones.
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Subject receiving action
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Passive verb
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doing action
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4.
Those chosen
people were pushed by
the others. “Omed-
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Subject receiving action
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Passive verb
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doing action
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omedan” was started.
5.
This tradition
that is interesting attraction for tourism in Bali
Subject receiving action
may only be followed by teruna and teruni
(man and girl)
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Passive verb
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doing action
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which is
still single and about 15 years old.
Source:
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