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REVISION OF TRANSLATION PROJECT

SOURCE LANGUAGE
3.      Strategi Struktural dalam Penerjemahan
Ada tiga strategi dasar yang berkenaan dengan masalah struktur, yaitu:
-          Penambahan
Penambahan di sini adalah penambahan kata-kata di dalam bahasa sasaran. Penambahan jenis ini bukanlah masalah pilihan tetapi keharusan.
-          Pengurangan
Pengurangan artinya adanya pengurangan elemen structural di dalam bahasa sasaran. Seperti halnya penambahan, pengurangan ini merupakan keharusan.
-          Transposisi
Transposisi adalah suatu keharusan apabila tanpa strategi ini makna bahasa sumber tidak tersampaikan. Transposisi menjadi pilihan apabila dilakukan hanya karena alasan gaya bahasa saja. Dengan strategi ini penerjemah mengubah struktur asli bahasa sumber di dalam bahasa sasaran untuk mencapai efek yang padan. Pengubahan ini bisa pengubahan bentuk jamak ke bentuk tunggal, posisi kata sifat, sampai pengubahan struktur kalimat secara keseluruhan. Pemisahan satu kalimat bahasa sumber menjadi dua kalimat bahasa sasaran atau lebih, atau penggabungan dua kalimat bahasa sumber atau lebih menjadi satu kalimat bahasa sasaran juga termasuk di dalam strategi ini.
Transposisi juga bisa dilakukan karena pertimbangan gaya bahasa atau stilistika.


TARGET LANGUAGE
3.      Structural Strategies in Translation
There are three basic strategies relate to structural problems, they are:
-          Addition
Addition here means giving more words in the target language. The addition is not an option but a must.
            -          Reduction
Reduction means using fewer words in the target language. The reduction is not an optional but a essential.
            -          Transposition
Transposition is a must, if without this strategy, the meaning of source language is not deliver. Transposition be an option, if it is done only for reasons of style language. With this strategy, the translator changes the original structure of the source language in the target language to achieve a corresponding effect. This changes can be changing the plural to the singular, the position of adjectives, until the conversion of the sentence structure as a whole. Separation of one source language sentence into two sentences of the target language or more, or merging two sentences source language or more into the target language sentence, is also include in this strategy.
Transposition can also be done because considerations of language style or stilistika.


TRANSLATION PROJECT

SOURCE LANGUAGE
3.      Strategi Struktural dalam Penerjemahan
Ada tiga strategi dasar yang berkenaan dengan masalah struktur, yaitu:
-          Penambahan
Penambahan di sini adalah penambahan kata-kata di dalam bahasa sasaran. Penambahan jenis ini bukanlah masalah pilihan tetapi keharusan.
-          Pengurangan
Pengurangan artinya adanya pengurangan elemen structural di dalam bahasa sasaran. Seperti halnya penambahan, pengurangan ini merupakan keharusan.
-          Transposisi
Transposisi adalah suatu keharusan apabila tanpa strategi ini makna bahasa sumber tidak tersampaikan. Transposisi menjadi pilihan apabila dilakukan hanya karena alasan gaya bahasa saja. Dengan strategi ini penerjemah mengubah struktur asli bahasa sumber di dalam bahasa sasaran untuk mencapai efek yang padan. Pengubahan ini bisa pengubahan bentuk jamak ke bentuk tunggal, posisi kata sifat, sampai pengubahan struktur kalimat secara keseluruhan. Pemisahan satu kalimat bahasa sumber menjadi dua kalimat bahasa sasaran atau lebih, atau penggabungan dua kalimat bahasa sumber atau lebih menjadi satu kalimat bahasa sasaran juga termasuk di dalam strategi ini.
Transposisi juga bisa dilakukan karena pertimbangan gaya bahasa atau stilistika.


TARGET LANGUAGE
3.      Structural Strategies in Translation
There are three basic strategies related to structural problems, that are:
  • Addition

The addition here is the addition of the words in the target language. The addition of this kind is not a matter of choice but a necessity.
  • Reduction

Reduction means a reduction in the structural elements in the target language. As well as addition, this reduction is a necessity.
  • Transposition

Transposition is a necessity, if without this strategy, the meaning of source language is not delivered. Transposition be an option, if it is done only for reasons of style language. With this strategy, the translator changed the original structure of the source language in the target language to achieve a corresponding effect. These changes can be changing the plural to the singular, the position of adjectives, until the conversion of the sentence structure as a whole. Separation of one source language sentence into two sentences of the target language or more, or merging two sentences source language or more into the target language sentence, is also included in this strategy.
Transposition can also be done because considerations of language style or stilistika.


MACHINE TRANSLATION


Advantages:
  1. This online translation is free
  2. Already available in mobile app: AppStore and Google Play
  3. Providing 43 languages for language resources
  4. Support .doc(x), .ppt(x), .odt, .pdf & .txt (Maximum file size 5MB)
  5. Can send the translation by email
  6.  Can print the translation

Disadvantages:
  1. Most languages can only translate into English, except Arabic, French, German, Italian, and Spanish
  2. Can’t translate the right context on the source text

Source text: You save my life
SDL version: Anda menyimpan kehidupan saya
The right translation: Anda menyelamatkan hidup saya

     3. The grammar is wrong
Source language: Saya makan hamburger tadi malam
SDL version: I eat hamburgers last night
The right translation: I ate hamburger last night


GINGER (www.gingersoftware.com)
If you want to use this software, you have to install it first. This application is available on free version and on premium version.
Advantages:
  1. Available on free version
  2.  Available on 63 languages for translation program
  3. We can make our dictionary on Personal Dictionary by adding a new word.
  4. This software is available some tools that can help us on translation process, that are:

-          Writer: this tool is used to check the grammar
-          Translate: this tool is used to translate from source language to target language
-          Define: this tool is used to find the definitions of a word or terms, and show us the class word.
-          Synonyms: this tool is used to find synonym of a word or terms.
-          Favorites: this tool is used to save any word that we want to save, so we can use later.

5. Have a good grammar, but not always. So, we have to check it by own.



Disadvantages:
  1. This is not online translation, so have to install the software first.
  2.  This application use internet connection on any tools, so if there is no internet connection, this application is useless.
  3. Text reader is only available in Ginger Premium, so we have to download the premium version if want to use the Text Reader.


Advantages:
  1. This online translation is freE
  2.  Available on 15 languages for translation program
  3. Not only can translate a text, this application can translate web page, RSS, and file too.
  4. This application is available a dictionary, not only that, we can make our dictionary on My Dictionary.
  5. In the Options, we can insert special characters, print the document, and change the page portrait and landscape layouts.



Disadvantages:
  1. Indonesian language is not available on this application.
  2. We have to login first, if we want to translate RSS form and File form.
  3. We have to login first, if we want to try to make our dictionary on My Dictionary.


Trados is an application for a translator. In this application, there are many features to facilitate the work of a translator. More watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5cfyAt-0rU
Advantages:
  1.  Trados include an online CAT tool. CAT (Computer Aided Translation) is a computer program that helps to translate text documents more efficiently.
  2.  This application, there are additional features to facilitate the work of a translator. All have been automatically set by this application, such as auto deadline calculation, auto scheduling, auto job delivery, etc.
  3.  We can try this application first and it is free.


Disadvantages:
  1. Have to download and install to use this application
  2. The price is quite expensive. It is $99 to $2595.


Wordbee is Translation Management System. Wordbee is similar with Trados. This is an application for the translators. In this application, there are additional features to facilitate the work of a translator. More watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h7ab0mbM2v8
Advantages:
  1. Wordbee include an online CAT tool. CAT (Computer Aided Translation) is a computer program that helps to translate text documents more efficiently.
  2. Translators, proofreaders, managers, and experts can all collaborate in the same document, at the same time, because this application is use online system.
  3. This application, there are additional features to facilitate the work of a translator. All have been automatically set by this application, such as auto deadline calculation, auto scheduling, auto job delivery, etc.


Disadvantages:
  1.  Have to download and install to use this application
  2. There is only 30 days free trial.
  3. The price of this application is quite expensive. It is $330 to $3500 a year.




SOFTSKILL : PENERJEMAHAN BERBANTU KOMPUTER "New York City marks International Women's Day with march"



New York City marks International Women's Day with march

Thousands of men and women from around the world gathered Sunday outside the United Nations to mark International Women's Day with a march to Times Square, joining voices globally demanding gender equity.
They convened to speak up for the gender that traditionally is paid less for work and often has a smaller voice in policy decisions.
U.N. officials say much has been achieved under the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, signed by 189 governments in 1995 as a pledge for realizing women's rights. But U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon told the marchers that in the 20 years since the Beijing Declaration, "progress has been too slow, uneven."
"We have to fully respect and use the potential of all of our women," Ban said.
He has said the most urgent issue is rape being used as a war weapon, from Nigeria and Somalia to Iraq and Syria.
Speakers at the U.N. gathering before the march included Nobel prize winner Leymah Roberta Gbowee, a peace activist from Liberia.
New York City's first lady, Chirlane McCray, noted that International Women's Day commemorates the day in 1908 when thousands of women marched through the city demanding shorter working hours, better pay and voting rights.
"Today, you are marching in the footsteps of generations of feminists," she said. "This march started more than a century ago, but we still have a long way to go before we get to equality."
In November, New York joined the U.N.'s Safe Global Cities Initiative, which works to combat sexual harassment and sexual violence in public places. (**)
- See more at: http://m.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/03/09/new-york-city-marks-international-womens-day-with-march.html#sthash.DaD1vaxR.dpuf






KOTA NEW YORK MEMPERINGATI HARI PEREMPUAN SEDUNIA DENGAN PAWAI
Ribuan pria dan wanita dari seluruh dunia berkumpul pada hari Minggu di luar gedung  PBB untuk memperingati Hari Perempuan sedunia  dengan pawai menuju Times Square, menggabungkan suara perempuan sedunia untuk  menuntut kesamaan hak.

Mereka berkumpul untuk berbicara tentang masalah yang sederhana yang membedakan hak laki-laki dan perempuan yaitu  upah yang kecil untuk pekerja perempuan dan sedikit sekali peluang untuk para perempuan dalam menyampaikan sebuah keputusan kebijakan.
Para pejabat PBB mengatakan banyak yang telah dicapai dalam Deklarasi Beijing dan Landasan Aksi, ditandatangani oleh 189 pemerintah pada tahun 1995 sebagai janji untuk mewujudkan hak-hak perempuan. Tapi Sekretaris Jenderal PBB Ban Ki-moon mengatakan kepada demonstran bahwa dalam 20 tahun sejak Deklarasi Beijing, "kemajuan telah terlalu lambat, tidak merata."

"Kita harus menghormati sepenuhnya dan menggunakan semua potensi perempuan kami," kata Ban.

Ia mengatakan isu yang paling mendesak adalah pemerkosaan digunakan sebagai senjata perang, dari Nigeria dan Somalia ke Irak dan Syria.

Pembicara pada pertemuan PBB sebelum demonstran termasuk pemenang hadiah Nobel Leymah Gbowee Roberta, seorang aktivis perdamaian dari Liberia.

Ibu Kota New York, Chirlane McCray, mencatat bahwa Hari Perempuan Sedunia memperingati hari pada tahun 1908 ketika ribuan perempuan pawai melewati kota menuntut jam kerja yang lebih pendek, upah yang lebih baik dan hak suara.

"Hari ini, Anda berbaris jejak generasi feminis," katanya. "pawai ini dimulai lebih dari satu abad yang lalu, tapi kami masih memiliki jalan panjang untuk pergi sebelum kita sampai kesetaraan."

Pada bulan November, New York bergabung dengan PBB Safe Global Cities Initiative, yang bekerja untuk memerangi pelecehan seksual dan kekerasan seksual di tempat umum. (**)

PREPOSITION



Preposition is a word (one of the parts of speech and a member of a closed word class) that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence. See the lists of simple prepositions and deverbal prepositions below.
The combination of a preposition and a noun phrase is called a prepositional phrase. A word group (such as in front of or on top of) that functions like a simple, one-word preposition is called a complex preposition.
Prepositions commonly convey the following relationships: agency (by); comparison (like, as . . . as); direction (to, toward, through); place (at, by, on); possession (of); purpose (for); source (from, out of); and time (at, before, on).
Here the writer will analyze preposition on the article which entitled “Best old bakeries in Bandung
Best old bakeries in Bandung
Not only have these bakeries thrived through the challenge of time, they also remain a favorite with the locals for their hearty treats.
Roti Gempol
One of Bandung's old-time favorite bakeries is now trending again thanks to its smart move to partner with the city's young and happening eatery Kopi Anjis!, which is a popular place to hang out in Bandung especially for university students.
The partnership somehow reminded people again of the sweet nostalgia of childhood and how nice it was to savor the bakery's thick, moist and warm bread.
Now younger customers can often be seen crowding the not-so-spacious eating space, which resembles a homey terrace with a vintage feel. Photos of its bread can frequently be found on social media such as Instagram.
The bakery's story, however, started a long time ago, in 1958 in Salatiga, a small city in Central Java. It later migrated to Bandung after the owner, Lidya Usman, enrolled at the Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB).
Roti Gempol produces its own bread and also supplies hotels, cafes and restaurants in Bandung. The bakery's factory is next door and operates daily from 5.30 a.m. to 4.30 p.m.
One of the great things about Roti Gempol is its affordability. The bakery's favorite item -- toasted wheat bread with meat, cheese, egg and homemade mayonnaise fillings -- for example, is only priced at Rp 18,000 (US$1.44). And you can conveniently savor it while sipping tea, coffee or fresh milk for a complete hearty meal.
Open from 7 a.m. to 9 p.m., Roti Gempol can be found at Jl. Gempol Wetan No. 14.
Rasa Bakery & Cafe
Try to come on a Sunday for brunch at this eatery on Jl. Tamblong No. 15 and you will experience how heartwarming it is to see families, usually consisting of more than one generation, happily savoring Rasa Bakery's famous cakes, pastries and other dishes.
This eatery is said to date back to colonial times. Initially it was known as Hazes Shop & Cafe. When its original Dutch owner left, it was bought by an Indonesian Chinese who later changed the name to Rasa.
Rasa Bakery is a place to go to savor delicious homemade ice creams and Dutch-influenced pastries and cakes such as bitterbalen and kroket.
One of my favorites from Rasa Bakery & Cafe's is the kassoesjes, a mini-sized soes pastry filled with cream cheese, which is sold per gram. It's delightfully addictive and nowadays Rasa Bakery only serves this on Saturday. Arriving early is advisable since it sells out fast.
Toko Roti Abadi
Go to Jl. Purnawarman No. 49 to enjoy the best warmbollen or bagelan bread in Bandung, says foodie Nurul Wachdiyyah.
"The bread is so soft and tasty and the cream is thinly spread but still so fulfilling; definitely the best in town," Nurul said.
"I think it's because they use homemade natural yeast, thus there's a distinction in their bagelan compared to those offered by other bakeries in town."
Toko Roti Abadi was originally opened in Garut in 1947. It later moved to Bandung in 1991 and has become the locals' favorite ever since.
The bestselling item from this establishment is the aforementioned original-flavored warmbollen, of which 400 are sold per day.
Open daily from 7 a.m. to 6 p.m., the bakery bakes its own bread in-store and, unlike other legendary bakeries, customers can only have the bread as a take-away as they don't provide dining space.
Sumber Hidangan
Located in the popular area of Jl. Braga 20-22, this bakery and restaurant is presently run by the second-generation owner who is as old as the bakery, which was founded in 1929.
Upon entering, its antique furniture and vintage atmosphere predominates; giving a strong but mistaken impression of a sad lonely bakery.
In the old days, when the bakery still used the Dutch name of Het Snophuis, it was said to be the place where the Dutch, the rich local Chinese and the menak (rich and powerful pribumi -- inlander) used to go for a treat. Now, most of the loyal customers of this bakery are the descendants of that crowd.
Sumber Hidangan produces its own bread daily using the same original recipes since it was first opened, with a distinct Dutch influence. They have kept the Dutch names for the bread such as suikerboll (a cinnamon roll with powdered sugar), kasstook (cheese bread), krentenbol (raisin bread) and melkbrood (milk bread).
The best time to go there is from 9 a.m. to 10 a.m. when the bread is fresh from the oven.
Besides bread, Sumber Hidangan also produces its own homemade ice cream but subject to availability. Customers can also dine in and savor dishes influenced by Dutch cuisine such as bistik sapi (a beef dish).
Braga Permai
This bakery and eatery on Jl. Braga -- a street famous as the lifestyle hub where opulent restaurants, boutiques and shops were located during the colonial era -- used to be named Maison Bogerijen in the old days. It is also said to be the only restaurant in Asia to receive an award directly from the Dutch queen and the only restaurant outside the Netherlands to have been granted permission to serve the palace's specialties such as koningin Emma taart and Wilhelmina taart.
Now, though it is more famous as an eatery than a bakery, Braga Permai still produces its own pastries and cakes and still gives them Dutch names such as ntbijtkoek, gevulde speculaas, and almond speculaas.
As with Sumber Hidangan and Rasa Bakery, Braga Permai also makes its own ice cream, which is still a favorite among many Bandung residents after all these years.

No


The kinds of Preposition

Example

Description
1


 2





 3



 4



 5




 6


7




 8




Preposition of agency


Preposition of comparison





Preposition of direction



Preposition of place



Preposition of possession




Preposition of purpose


Preposition of source




Preposition of time

·      it was bought by an Indonesian Chinese

·      Customers can only have the bread as a take-away as they don't provide dining space.

·      It later migrated to Bandung after the owner

·      which is a popular place to hang out in Bandung

·      The partnership somehow reminded people again of the sweet nostalgia

·       especially for university students.

·       One of my favorites from Rasa Bakery & Cafe's is the kassoesjes

·       Try to come on a Sunday for brunch at this eatery on Jl. Tamblong No. 15
Prepositions commonly convey the following relationships: agency (by); comparison (like, as . . . as); direction (to, toward, through); place (at, by, on); possession (of); purpose (for); source (from, out of); and time (at, before, on).